Yesterday a system swept through the central United States and a reported 35 tornadoes broke out in the northern plains. Along with that there were many wind and hail reports ranging from northern Texas to Wisconsin and Michigan. (SOURCE: SPC)
This system was induced by an unseasonably large positively tilted upper level trough(Right: SOURCE: SPC) over the rocky mountains. Downstream of this trough, one can detect warm air advection. This is outstanding at the 500mb level. This indicates that warm, moist air is being surged into the area and is creating unstable conditions.
The sounding at Topeka Kansas below (SOURCE: PSU Vortex) shows something interesting. The conditions looke ripe for a severe weather outbreak, with cape values near 1500J/kg, lifted indices below -6 deg. C, and a low level jet. However there is a very strong cap at the 800mb level. If that cap doesn’t break, parcels (near the surface) won’t be able to rise and cool. However if the cap can be broken, the CAPE values would be outstanding. I believe that cap did break during the day, because for one, the sounding was taken around 7am, so daytime heating has not occured. Also the strong WAA that can be seen on the upper air maps hint that the temperature is indeed going to rise, and hence the cap would have broken.
